Global supplier of
High-Performance Materials

Fiberglass Multiaxial Fabrics are advanced non-crimp, multi-axis, multi-layered reinforcement materials engineered from continuous glass fiber rovings. Characterized by their precise fiber orientation and layered construction, each layer features parallel-aligned rovings in a designed direction (e.g., 0°, 90°, +45°, -45°), with 2 to 6 layers stitched together using lightweight polyester threads or nylon stitching thread (typically a tricot or chain stitch). This unique non-crimp structure eliminates fiber interlacing, maximizing mechanical performance in targeted directions. The layer count, fiber orientation, areal weight, and fiber content of each layer can be customized based on production lines and specific application requirements. 

Additionally, fiberglass multiaxial fabrics can be combined with chopped strand mats, veils, and/or non-woven materials to enhance surface finish, corrosion resistance, or other functional properties. They exhibit excellent compatibility with epoxy (EP), unsaturated polyester (UP), and vinyl ester (VE) resin systems, making them a versatile choice for high-performance composite manufacturing.

Identification:

What are the key features of fiberglass multiaxial fabrics?

Non-Crimp Fiber Architecture: Straight rovings deliver superior strength, stiffness, and fatigue performance compared to equivalent-weight woven fabrics.

Tailored Fiber Orientation: Piles can be sequenced in any orientation to match the specific stress field of a part (e.g., 0° for axial loads, ±45° for shear/torsion).

High Fiber Volume Fraction Potential: Dense, unidirectional piles allow for very high glass content (up to 60% by volume) in the finished laminate.

Excellent Resin Infusion Characteristics: The gaps between parallel rovings create natural, consistent flow channels, facilitating fast and complete wet-out with minimal voids.

Significant Labor & Time Savings: Replaces the manual lay-up of 3-5 individual unidirectional or biaxial fabrics with a single ply drop, drastically reducing placement errors and labor cost.

Superior Drapeability: Despite being multi-layered, the stitching allows the fabric to conform well to complex, double-curved molds.

Batch-to-Batch Consistency: Highly automated production ensures exceptional uniformity in weight and fiber alignment.

How many types of fiberglass multiaxial fabrics are there?

Fiberglass Multiaxial Fabrics are clarified to Unidirectional fabric, Biaxial fabric, Bi-directional fabric, Triaxial fabric, and Quadraxial fabric based on layer count, fiber orientation, and functional combinations, each designed to address specific load requirements and application scenarios:

-Unidirectional (UD) Fiberglass Fabric

UD fiberglass fabric features the majority of rovings aligned in a single primary direction (either 0° or 90°), with a small amount of auxiliary fibers in other directions solely to secure the primary fibers (though auxiliary fibers may provide minimal structural support). The definition of "unidirectional" varies slightly by manufacturer: some classify fabrics with 75% of fiber weight in the primary direction as UD, while others require >90% fiber weight in the primary direction. Our UD fabrics adhere to the high-purity standard (≥90% fiber weight in the primary direction), ensuring exceptional longitudinal strength.

Key Advantages: Maximum strength-to-weight ratio in the primary direction; minimal resin consumption; ideal for applications requiring uniaxial load resistance.

Typical Applications: Wind turbine blade spars, automotive chassis rails, aerospace stringers, and structural beams.

-Biaxial (Double Bias) Fiberglass Fabric

Biaxial fabric consists of continuous rovings oriented at +45° and -45° (double bias) in a single layered structure. This orientation delivers superior shear and torsion resistance, making it ideal for applications subjected to complex dynamic loads.

Key Advantages: Excellent shear strength; balanced performance in ±45° directions; good conformability to curved surfaces.

Typical Applications: Wind turbine blades (shear web regions), marine hulls and decks, snowboards, surfboards, and automotive body panels.

-Bidirectional (0°/90°) Fiberglass Fabric

Bidirectional fiberglass fabric is constructed by stitching two layers of rovings aligned at 0° and 90°, distinct from traditional 0°/90° woven fabrics. As a non-crimp fabric, its rovings are not interlaced, avoiding the fatigue failure risk associated with fiber crimp in woven fabrics. Additionally, compared to woven fabrics of the same areal weight, bidirectional non-crimp fabric consumes less resin (due to no crimp), significantly reducing composite manufacturing costs.

Key Advantages: Superior fatigue resistance; lower resin consumption; balanced strength in 0° and 90° directions; high dimensional stability.

Typical Applications: Chemical tanks and pipes, marine bulkheads, architectural panels, and railway carriage components.

-Triaxial Fiberglass Fabric

Triaxial fiberglass fabric is a three-layer construction with two primary orientation styles: (+45°/90°/-45°) and (0°/+45°/-45°). This multi-directional structure provides balanced strength in three key directions, making it suitable for high-strength, multi-load applications.

Key Advantages: Excellent multi-directional load resistance; high structural rigidity; reduced layer count compared to combining single-direction fabrics.

Typical Applications: Large marine vessels, offshore platforms, wind turbine nacelles, and heavy-duty industrial equipment components.

-Quadraxial Fiberglass Fabric

Quadraxial fiberglass fabric integrates all four key fiber orientations (0°/+45°/90°/-45°) in a single layered structure, delivering uniform strength in all directions. Among all multiaxial fabric types, it supports the highest areal density, making it ideal for ultra-high-strength composite structures.

Key Advantages: All-directional strength balance; maximum areal density; minimal lay-up time for complex structures; excellent impact resistance.

Typical Applications: Wind turbine blade root sections, aerospace secondary structures, military vehicle armor, and large-diameter pressure vessels.

2Functional Composite Multiaxial Fiberlass Fabrics

Custom combinations of base multiaxial layers with other materials to enhance specific properties:

Multiaxial + Chopped Strand Mat: Improves surface uniformity and resin retention, ideal for hand lay-up or spray-up processes.

Multiaxial + Veil (Polyester/Glass Veil): Prevents fiber print-through, enhances surface finish, and provides additional corrosion resistance for chemical or marine applications.

Multiaxial + Non-Woven Fabric: Boosts sound absorption or thermal insulation properties, suitable for automotive interior components or HVAC systems.

The Matrix of Basic Construction of fiberglass multiaxial fabrics

Technical Data:

What are the advantages and benefits of fiberglass multiaxial fabrics?

Maximum Structural Efficiency: Straight fibers yield the highest possible mechanical properties (tensile, compressive, fatigue) from the glass fibers.

Dramatically Reduced Lay-Up Time: One fabric replaces multiple manual ply drops, cutting labor by 50-80%.

Optimized Weight Reduction: Fiber is placed precisely in the load paths, enabling lighter, stronger designs.

Improved Process Control & Repeatability: Eliminates human error from manual ply orientation and placement.

Excellent Process Compatibility: Designed specifically for high-quality vacuum infusion, RTM, and prepreg processes.

Superior Damage Tolerance: Multiple oriented layers help arrest and deflect crack propagation.

What applications are fiberglass multiaxial fabrics used for? 

Fiberglass Multiaxial Fabrics are primarily designed for advanced composite manufacturing processes such as vacuum infusion (VI), resin transfer molding (RTM), filament winding, and pultrusion. Their superior mechanical properties and customization capabilities make them suitable for a wide range of high-performance applications across industries:

Wind Energy Industry

-Wind turbine blades (spars, shear webs, root sections): UD fabrics for axial strength, biaxial for shear resistance, quadraxial for root section durability.

-Wind turbine nacelles and hubs: Triaxial/quadraxial fabrics for multi-directional load resistance and impact protection.

Marine Engineering

-Boat hulls, decks, and bulkheads: Biaxial/quadraxial fabrics for shear and impact resistance; ECR-Glass variants for saltwater corrosion resistance.

-Offshore platforms, buoys, and marine pipelines: Triaxial/quadraxial fabrics with veils for enhanced corrosion resistance and durability in harsh marine environments.

Automotive & Transportation

-Automotive body panels, chassis rails, and battery casings (electric vehicles): UD/biaxial fabrics for lightweight strength and crash resistance.

-Railway carriage components (interior panels, floor structures): Bidirectional/triaxial fabrics for dimensional stability and fire safety.

-Aerospace secondary structures (cabin partitions, luggage compartments): Quadraxial fabrics for high strength-to-weight ratio and fatigue resistance.

Chemical & Industrial Equipment

-Chemical tanks, pipes, and pressure vessels: ECR-Glass bidirectional/triaxial fabrics for corrosion resistance and pressure bearing capacity.

-Industrial fans, impellers, and pump casings: Triaxial fabrics for high-speed rotation and impact resistance.

Sports & Leisure Equipment

-Snowboards, surfboards, and kayaks: Biaxial fabrics for shear strength and flexural performance.

-Bicycle frames, golf club shafts, and tennis rackets: UD fabrics for uniaxial strength and lightweight design.

Construction & Infrastructure

-Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) architectural panels, cladding, and bridges: Bidirectional/triaxial fabrics for structural stability and weather resistance.

-Concrete reinforcement (precast panels, tunnel linings): UD/bidirectional fabrics for crack resistance and durability.

Defense & Military

-Military vehicle armor panels and protective enclosures: Quadraxial fabrics for high impact resistance and ballistic performance.

-Military boat hulls and aircraft components: Lightweight, high-strength UD and quadraxial fabrics for mobility and durability.

How to store and handle fiberglass multiaxial fabrics? 

Unless otherwise specified, it is recommended to keep fiberglass fabrics in a cool, dry area. Ideal conditions are at a temperature between 15°C and 35°C and a relative humidity between 35% and 65%. The fiberglass multiaxial fabrics must remain in its original packaging material until the point of usage. The packaging is not waterproof. Be sure to protect the product from the weather and other sources of water. When stored properly, there is no known shelf life to the product, but retesting is advised after three years from the initial production date to insure optimum performance.

Keep in a cool, dry place with a temperature of 15°C to 35°C and a relative humidity of 35% to 65%. Avoid bright sunshine, high temperatures (above 50°C), and caustic substances.

Keep the original packaging until usage to avoid contamination and moisture absorption. The packaging is not waterproof, so keep it away from rain, water splashes, and other water sources.

If the cloth becomes damp (moisture content >0.20%), dry it in a well-ventilated oven at 60-80°C for 2-4 hours before reusing to restore functionality.

Stored properly, there is no set shelf life. However, it is recommended to retest essential attributes (tensile strength, moisture content, and resin compatibility) after 3 years for maximum performance. 

Use clean gloves to avoid oil or grease contamination on fabric surfaces. Avoid excessive folding, stretching, or abrasion to prevent fiber damage. 

Store rolls horizontally on designated racks to prevent distortion. Avoid stacking heavy goods on top of them. To keep wide-width fabrics flat (≥2000 mm), store them on dedicated racks.

FAQ

Q1: Can fiberglass multiaxial fabrics be used for hand lay-up?

A: They can, but it is not ideal or cost-effective. The open structure makes it challenging to wet out with a brush/roller without disturbing the fibers. They are designed for liquid molding processes (infusion, RTM) or prepreg. If using hand lay-up, a layer of lightweight CSM on top is almost necessary for consolidation.

Q2: What causes fraying of fiberglass multiaxial fabrics, and how is it controlled?

A: The parallel rovings are only held by the stitching threads. When cut, the ends are free to splay. Control methods: Use a hot knife or ultrasonic cutter; apply a light mist of spray adhesive (tackifier) to the cut edges; design the laminate so cut edges are encapsulated in resin or sealed with a perimeter strip.

Q3: What is the difference between fiberglass "NCF" and "Multiaxial Fabric"?

A: They are synonymous. Non-Crimp Fabric (NCF) is the technical term describing the manufacturing principle. Multiaxial Fabric describes the product's multi-directional nature. "Stitched Fabric" is also used.

Q4: How does fiberglass multiaxial fabric compare to woven fabric in composite manufacturing?

A: Multiaxial fabrics have no fiber crimp, delivering 20-30% higher tensile strength and fatigue resistance than woven fabrics. They also consume 15-25% less resin, reduce lay-up time by 30-50%, and avoid print-through issues. Woven fabrics are better for simple shapes or low-cost applications, while multiaxial fabrics are preferred for high-performance, complex, or weight-sensitive composites (e.g., wind blades, marine hulls).

Q5: Can you provide custom fiberglass multiaxial fabrics with specific fiber orientations or areal weights?

A: Yes. We offer fully customized solutions, including custom fiber orientations (e.g., 0°/30°/-30°, 0°/60°/-60°), layer counts (2-6 layers), areal weights (150-2000 g/m²), and combinations with chopped mats/veils. Custom widths up to 4000 mm are also available. Provide your load requirements, processing method, and end product specifications for a tailored quote.

Q6: Are there any limitations to the maximum areal weight of quadraxial fabrics?

A: Our standard quadraxial fabrics have a maximum areal weight of 2000 g/m². For ultra-high-strength applications requiring higher areal weights (up to 3000 g/m²), we can produce custom quadraxial fabrics with thicker rovings and optimized stitching. However, higher areal weights may reduce moldability, so please consult with us for your specific application.